JUMPER on Computers: What and For What?

In wikipedia, termed jumper on the following:

A jumper is a short length of conductor used to close a break in or bypass part of an electrical circuit . Typically Jumpers are used to set up or adjust printed circuit boards , Such as the motherboards of computers .

Jumper on a computer is actually a connector (connector) yand electrical circuit used to connect or disconnect a sirk uit. Jumper is also used to set up the electrical board as a computer motherboard.
Let us focus on a jumper on a computer. Jumper is in the computer functions used for setting up computer equipment as necessary. Fortunately we are at this moment penyettingan via Jumper has begun to diminish its use. Therefore, all setting functions are now using outo setting making it easier for the user or computer assemblers are not much use Jumper.
Jumper on the computer is usually used on the motherboard, Hard Drive and Optical Disk, and in particular some VGA Card. But because of its use more on the motherboard and hard drive and Optical Disk, then we will consider only the third it.

Jumper on Motherboard
A. Clear CMOS Jumper
CMOS jumper usually located near the CMOS battery. Usually there are 3 feet (pin) on this jumper. Its function is to store and reset the CMOS (an IC program on Motherboard) to the default position (Initial Setting / Factory).

Usually the pin to 1 and 2 when connected to a CMOS Jumper on the normal position will save any settings that we change the CMOS / BIOS. And if we change the jumper in position 2 and 3, then the computer will return to the default position.

Then what was the default position? Of course, if we make the wrong setting for the CMOS / BIOS so if an error occurred that resulted in the computer can not live, then by performing the CMOS Clear the computer will return to the starting position before we make changes to the CMOS / BIOS.
Similarly, Clear CMOS Jumper can be used if the computer can not do life due to changes in hardware, such as processor, but because the CMOS / BIOS settings you have stored on computers that are old and not capable of reading the processor you just replace the Jumper can be you use.

Jumper is also used if you forget the password that you created in the BIOS. By doing a Clear CMOS, then the password that you create will disappear by itself.
2. Jumper Bus Clock / Bus Speed
This jumper setting Bus Clock function for the processor. At this time, almost exactly jumper is rarely used. Setting function that had been arranged by the jumper now made ​​outo or can be set via the BIOS.

In the picture beside this is one example of a computer Pentium I, which consists of Bus 50, 55, 60, 66 and 75. Is contained in the processor bus. Every bus that we choose, there are instructions on the use of jumper.

3. Jumper Bus Ratio
As with jumper Bus Clock / FSB, this jumper can practically not be reused. This jumper is a multiplication ratio of the processor. For example, Pentium I 133 MHz processor with a bus / FSB 66, then the ratio is 2x. Then we do the settings in accordance with the instructions contained in the description in both the motherboard and the manual.
4. VGA Jumper

This jumper is usually found on the motherboard that provides VGA onboard VGA as well as an additional slot. Jumper, usually consisting of 3 feet / pin is used to decide whether to use its onboard VGA or VGA slot. Just like-clock bus jumper, jumper it is rarely used and is replaced by outo setting, so without doing any setting, VGA will choose which one is used.
5. Jumper Audio

Sound jumper, jumper is used to activate the sound. This jumper is usually composed of 10 pins lined up with the pin number 8 blank. When you activate the audio in front of the casing, then automatically, in case the socket Audio Audio has enabled this jumper. But if not, prepare a jumper to connect pin number 5 and 6, also pin number 9 and 10, otherwise the sound will not come out even if the driver has been entered. And the incidence is often the case in which the audio can not be heard and those who do not understand the confusion and think of your motherboard onboard Sound off.
6. USB Power Jumper

Have you ever experienced something you can not get USB working? or works only in Windows? Not in DOS (for example by using a USB keyboard)? Maybe you do not activate the USB Power Jumper.
This jumper is on almost all motherboards that have USB Socket. Jumper consists of 3 feet / pin. If not installed, then your USB will not work. When in pairs on one leg, for example, pin 1 to pin 2 or pin 2 to pin 3, it will have a different effect. Which one will not be able to enable USB in DOS.
7. Jumper Memory / RAM

This jumper is usually found on the motherboard that has the facility of two types of memory slots, such as motherboards that have slots and DDR1 SDRAM memory, or DDR1 to DDR2, then to choose one memory slot jumper setting is required.
Jumpers on the Hard Drive or Optical Disk (CDRom, DVD, etc.)
A umper on Optical Disks Hard Disks, and usually to determine the status of the hard disk or optical disk. Status on the hard disk / optical disk whether he will be master (master) or slave (slave).

It is important to be noticed when we do tundem (merging with a hard disk, optical disk or hard drive with one cable). When both master status, then they will not be detected by the motherboard. Because it is a must menjad i Master (master) and one being a slave (slave).
On certain motherboards, the status of slave (slave) on a single hard drive (without doing tundem) will not be detected by the motherboard.
Statements regarding the status of Master and Slave can be on a label located on the hard drive. (DavidUsman)

Thus, may help.